Rowing machine exercise engages a wide range of muscle groups throughout the body. The primary muscles worked include those in the legs (quadriceps, hamstrings, calves), back (latissimus dorsi, trapezius, rhomboids), core (abdominals, obliques), and arms (biceps, forearms). This compound movement also utilizes shoulder muscles, such as the deltoids.
Developing strength and endurance in these muscles offers numerous benefits, including improved cardiovascular health, increased muscular power, enhanced core stability, and better posture. Historically, rowing has been a practical skill for transportation and fishing, and its adaptation into exercise equipment has made these fitness benefits accessible to a broader population.