Clearly defined statements of what students should know and be able to do at the end of a learning experience, coupled with specific descriptions of how students can demonstrate their understanding and skills, provide a roadmap for both educators and learners. For example, a statement like “Students will be able to analyze the causes of the American Civil War” becomes measurable and actionable when paired with criteria such as “Students will write an essay comparing and contrasting three major causes of the conflict, using historical evidence to support their claims.”
This approach offers numerous advantages. It promotes transparency and shared understanding of expectations, fostering student agency and self-regulation. By providing a clear framework for instruction and assessment, these structured statements enable educators to monitor progress effectively and adjust teaching strategies as needed. This pedagogical approach has evolved from broader educational goals and objectives, becoming increasingly refined to emphasize measurable outcomes and student-centered learning.
